U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

MedGen UID:
233065
•Concept ID:
C1328252
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Leishmaniases, Mucocutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous; Mucocutaneous Leishmaniases; Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
SNOMED CT: Mucocutaneous infection caused by Leishmania (721813000); Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (721813000)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005859

Definition

The most common form of leishmaniasis that is transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies or after exposure to leishmania parasites. It is characterized by skin lesions at the site of insect bite which typically develop within weeks or months after exposure. The lesions typically progress from small papules to open sores with raised borders and central ulcers which can be covered with scales or crust. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Exploring Innovative Leishmaniasis Treatment: Drug Targets from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Findings.
Santana W, de Oliveira SSC, Ramos MH, Santos ALS, Dolabella SS, Souto EB, Severino P, Jain S
Chem Biodivers 2021 Sep;18(9):e2100336. Epub 2021 Aug 9 doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100336. PMID: 34369662
Current and emerging medications for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty J, Sundar S
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Jul;20(10):1251-1265. Epub 2019 May 7 doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1609940. PMID: 31063412
Miltefosine for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: drug characteristics and evidence-based treatment recommendations.
Monge-Maillo B, López-Vélez R
Clin Infect Dis 2015 May 1;60(9):1398-404. Epub 2015 Jan 18 doi: 10.1093/cid/civ004. PMID: 25601455

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The leishmaniases in Kenya: A scoping review.
Grifferty G, Shirley H, O'Brien K, Hirsch JL, Orriols AM, Amechi KL, Lo J, Chanda N, El Hamzaoui S, Kahn J, Yap SV, Watson KE, Curran C, Atef AbdelAlim A, Bose N, Cilfone AL, Wamai R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023 Jun;17(6):e0011358. Epub 2023 Jun 1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011358. PMID: 37262045Free PMC Article
Parasitic Infections in Individuals Travelling to America and Precautionary Measures.
Aykur M, Karakavuk M, Ünver A, Dağcı H
Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018 Mar;42(1):81-89. doi: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5255. PMID: 29780019
An update on pharmacotherapy for leishmaniasis.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015 Feb;16(2):237-52. Epub 2014 Oct 25 doi: 10.1517/14656566.2015.973850. PMID: 25346016Free PMC Article
Leishmaniasis.
Piscopo TV, Mallia Azzopardi C
Postgrad Med J 2007 Feb;83(976):649-57. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047340corr1. PMID: 17396274Free PMC Article
Challenges and new discoveries in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Singh S, Sivakumar R
J Infect Chemother 2004 Dec;10(6):307-15. doi: 10.1007/s10156-004-0348-9. PMID: 15614453

Diagnosis

The leishmaniases in Kenya: A scoping review.
Grifferty G, Shirley H, O'Brien K, Hirsch JL, Orriols AM, Amechi KL, Lo J, Chanda N, El Hamzaoui S, Kahn J, Yap SV, Watson KE, Curran C, Atef AbdelAlim A, Bose N, Cilfone AL, Wamai R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023 Jun;17(6):e0011358. Epub 2023 Jun 1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011358. PMID: 37262045Free PMC Article
Real-time PCR applications for diagnosis of leishmaniasis.
Galluzzi L, Ceccarelli M, Diotallevi A, Menotta M, Magnani M
Parasit Vectors 2018 May 2;11(1):273. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2859-8. PMID: 29716641Free PMC Article
Clinical, histopathologic, and cytologic diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis and literature review.
Daneshbod Y, Oryan A, Davarmanesh M, Shirian S, Negahban S, Aledavood A, Davarpanah MA, Soleimanpoor H, Daneshbod K
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011 Apr;135(4):478-82. doi: 10.5858/2010-0069-OA.1. PMID: 21466365
Leishmaniasis.
Piscopo TV, Mallia Azzopardi C
Postgrad Med J 2007 Feb;83(976):649-57. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047340corr1. PMID: 17396274Free PMC Article
Leishmaniasis.
Grevelink SA, Lerner EA
J Am Acad Dermatol 1996 Feb;34(2 Pt 1):257-72. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)80121-6. PMID: 8642091

Therapy

Efficacy of azole therapy for tegumentary leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Galvão EL, Rabello A, Cota GF
PLoS One 2017;12(10):e0186117. Epub 2017 Oct 9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186117. PMID: 29016694Free PMC Article
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: emerging therapies and progress in disease management.
Ameen M
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010 Mar;11(4):557-69. doi: 10.1517/14656560903555219. PMID: 20163267
Leishmaniasis.
Piscopo TV, Mallia Azzopardi C
Postgrad Med J 2007 Feb;83(976):649-57. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.047340corr1. PMID: 17396274Free PMC Article
New world cutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers.
Schwartz E, Hatz C, Blum J
Lancet Infect Dis 2006 Jun;6(6):342-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70492-3. PMID: 16728320
Sudan mucosal leishmaniasis.
Abdalla RE, El Hadi A, Ahmed MA, El Hassan AM
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1975;69(5-6):443-9. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(75)90095-4. PMID: 1228983

Prognosis

Mucosal leishmaniasis: A forgotten disease, description and identification of species in 50 Colombian cases.
Muvdi-Arenas S, Ovalle-Bracho C
Biomedica 2019 Aug 1;39(Supl. 2):58-65. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4347. PMID: 31529834
Current and emerging medications for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty J, Sundar S
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Jul;20(10):1251-1265. Epub 2019 May 7 doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1609940. PMID: 31063412
The role of metalloproteases in Leishmania species infection in the New World: a systematic review.
Murase LS, de Souza JVP, de Lima Neto QA, de Mello TFP, Cardoso BM, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Teixeira JJV, Lonardoni MVC, Demarchi IG
Parasitology 2018 Oct;145(12):1499-1509. Epub 2018 Mar 13 doi: 10.1017/S0031182018000367. PMID: 29530102
Leishmaniasis: an update of current pharmacotherapy.
Sundar S, Chakravarty J
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013 Jan;14(1):53-63. Epub 2012 Dec 21 doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.755515. PMID: 23256501
Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Ecuador: current status of knowledge -- a review.
Calvopina M, Armijos RX, Hashiguchi Y
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004 Nov;99(7):663-72. Epub 2005 Jan 12 doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000700001. PMID: 15654419

Clinical prediction guides

Multiparametric analysis of host and parasite elements in new world tegumentary leishmaniasis.
de Carvalho BC, Vital T, Osiro J, Gomes CM, Noronha E, Dallago B, Rosa AC, Carvalho JL, Hagström L, Hecht M, Nitz N
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:956112. Epub 2022 Aug 9 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956112. PMID: 36017367Free PMC Article
Some Scaffolds as Anti-leishmanial Agents: A Review.
Mahender T, Pankaj W, Kumar SP, Ankur V, Kumar SS
Mini Rev Med Chem 2022;22(5):743-757. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666210913115116. PMID: 34517799
Current and emerging medications for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty J, Sundar S
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Jul;20(10):1251-1265. Epub 2019 May 7 doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1609940. PMID: 31063412
Parasitic Infections in Individuals Travelling to America and Precautionary Measures.
Aykur M, Karakavuk M, Ünver A, Dağcı H
Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018 Mar;42(1):81-89. doi: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5255. PMID: 29780019
The role of metalloproteases in Leishmania species infection in the New World: a systematic review.
Murase LS, de Souza JVP, de Lima Neto QA, de Mello TFP, Cardoso BM, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Teixeira JJV, Lonardoni MVC, Demarchi IG
Parasitology 2018 Oct;145(12):1499-1509. Epub 2018 Mar 13 doi: 10.1017/S0031182018000367. PMID: 29530102

Recent systematic reviews

Stigma associated with cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review.
Nuwangi H, Agampodi TC, Price HP, Shepherd T, Weerakoon KG, Agampodi SB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023 Dec;17(12):e0011818. Epub 2023 Dec 28 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011818. PMID: 38153950Free PMC Article
The cure rate after different treatments for mucosal leishmaniasis in the Americas: A systematic review.
Carvalho JP, Silva SN, Freire ML, Alves LL, Souza CSA, Cota G
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Nov;16(11):e0010931. Epub 2022 Nov 17 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010931. PMID: 36395328Free PMC Article
Leishmaniasis and Trace Element Alterations: a Systematic Review.
Taghipour A, Abdoli A, Ramezani A, Abolghazi A, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Maani S, Heidar Nejadi SM, Rasti S, Shams M, Ghasemi E
Biol Trace Elem Res 2021 Oct;199(10):3918-3938. Epub 2021 Jan 6 doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02505-0. PMID: 33405078
Efficacy of azole therapy for tegumentary leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Galvão EL, Rabello A, Cota GF
PLoS One 2017;12(10):e0186117. Epub 2017 Oct 9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186117. PMID: 29016694Free PMC Article
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania aethiopica: A Systematic Review.
van Griensven J, Gadisa E, Aseffa A, Hailu A, Beshah AM, Diro E
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Mar;10(3):e0004495. Epub 2016 Mar 3 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004495. PMID: 26938448Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...